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Acceleration is maybe a tie, power to weight being equal, but possible advantage to 3W for superior traction off the line. I think my design will offer the best traction overall of any layout, 2W, 3W, or 4W.I think I've figured out 3W drive with a limited slip in front, need to look closer at stock config. to see if my plan to drive single rear wheel will also work. If it's mechanically possible that means driven wheels hitting 3 different tracks for traction, so lots better than a 4WD that only hits 2 tracks. Planning a wide rear tire & slightly narrower fronts on mine.
With 4 wheels there's left side wheels & right side wheels, and whatever road surface they ride on. If the front wheel on one side didn't get traction then the rear probably isn't going to either. But with 3 wheels there's a 3rd road surface to get traction on in the center of vehicle, plus the right & left, so it seems you'd have better traction offroad. At least that's what I'm thinking.
That's not how it works....If you are going to do all wheel drive then it would be best to start with a car that has it. Like an 88-91 honda civic wagon. The front is driven directly from the tranny like a normal front wheel drive and the rear is driven by a drive shaft. No external transfer case. Your front an rear ratios have to be spot on or they will fight and that's wasted power.